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- ADAPT (1185)
Disability policy know no party affiliation. We must solidify our base of support and expand it to new members. Let's never make disability a partisan issue. So go out and visit your representatives and your Senators. Keep the message simple and straight forward. Share your experiences. Tell your story. Together we will move forward. Together we will make change happen. And together we'll make personal assistance services available to all who need it. Thank you. - ADAPT (1185)
Disability policy know no party affiliation. We must solidify our base of support and expand it to new members. Let's never make disability a partisan issue. So go out and visit your representatives and your Senators. Keep the message simple and straight forward. Share your experiences. Tell your story. Together we will move forward. Together we will make change happen. And together we'll make personal assistance services available to all who need it. Thank you. - ADAPT (1186)
Doc-06-93 01:00P We spend over $50 billion a year on long-term care services, that's a lot of money. But only 20% of that goes to community living. Well, I say, at the very least, we need a level playing field. We have to find a way to let the money follow the person so each person can be free. We need to create systems that have people with disabilities at the center, in control of services of their own choice. We need to replace the medical model of service delivery with the independent living model that is what people want, and let us be clear it saves money. And we need to convince all those in this capitol and in state capitols and in corporate boardrooms around the nation one simple fact: self determination is in America's self interest. I know for many of you here today, this is not a matter of developing policy it is a literal struggle for your lives, and the lives of your friends and colleagues. I know many of you have lived in institutions yourselves. You know the frustration, you know the indignity, you know the anger that comes from not living free lives in the community Let me say this to each one of you: Your struggle for freedom has not been in vain. Your fight to gain the attention of those of us here in Washington is working. But our work isn't done. We need to educate. We need to say no to legislating by fear and anecdote. And we need to remind our elected officials that we still have promises to keep. And let's remember this isn't about Democrats vs. Republicans. - ADAPT (1187)
Yes to inclusion. Yes to independence. Yes to empowerment. And that means yes to personal assistance services. Americans with disabilities deserve first-rate personal assistance services, not second class status. And that is why all of us who fought so hard for the ADA arc watching the Supreme Court for their decision in the Olmstead case. Let me make my position on that case crystal clear to you. I believe that any person who receives Medicaid funding for long-term services has the right to receive those services in the most integrated setting appropriate to his or her needs. And I believe that the ADA clearly protects that right. Keeping a person in an institution when that person is able to live in the community is discrimination, plain and simple. We all hope the Supreme Court agrees. Make no mistake about it, we have made tremendous progress toward the goal of eliminating unnecessary institutional living and expanding community-based support. In addition to the ADA, our state institutions are a case in point. In 1968, only thirty years ago, our state institutions were bulging with over 228,000 men and women with disabilities. Now those same facilities house a little more than 57,000 people. This is undeniable progress for which we should all be proud. But many of those remaining 57,000 people and thousands more in nursing homes are still in institutions because of misguided federal policies. That is wrong, and it must change. - ADAPT (1188)
[title] "Don't Tread on the ADA" Rally May 12, 1999 I am proud to be with you today. Because I know I am with some of the greatest architects for civil rights and social justice in America today. I want to specifically acknowledge great leaders such as Dick Thornburgh, Justin Dart, Pat Wright, Mike Auberger, Paul Marchand and Stephanie Thomas, and all the other tremendous advocates gathered here today. With your ideas your energy and your commitment, you have torn down the walls of exclusion. You have broken down the barriers of segregation. And you've built stronger communities and a better America for ALL. When I look out at so many familiar faces, and many great friends, I'm reminded of our past shared struggles, our setbacks and our victories on the road to freedom for people with disabilities. I'm reminded of the power we have as an organized force in tearing down the barriers. And I am reminded of how proud I am to have been to be by your side as we passed the Americans with Disabilities Act. And , and then protected the ADA, IDEA, and our fragile network of community based services and supports from those who would attack them. But we are not here today to talk about yesterday. We're here to talk about tomorrow. We here to talk about the future. And we are here to say loud an clear: We aren't going back. We are going to keep moving forward. And the key to moving forward and building a better America for all is to keep saying yes. - ADAPT (1189)
State of Indiana Office of the Attorney General [illegible address] Jeffrey A. Modisett Attorney General [illegible phone number] March 29, 1999 William K. Suter Clerk of Court Supreme Court of the United States [illegible address] Washington, D. C. 20543 RE: Tommy Olmstead et el v. L. C. and E. W. each by Jonathan Zimring Case No. 98-136 Dear Mr. Suter: This letter is to inform you that the State of Indiana is withdrawing its participation in the amicus case brief filed by the State of Nevada in the above-entitled matter. Sincerely, [signed] J Modisett [typed] Jeff Modisett Attorney general cc: Thubert A. Baker, Georgie Attorney General John C. Jones, Georgia Sr Assistant Attorney General Frankie Sue Del Papa, Nevada Attorney General Anne B. [illegible] Assistant Attorney General - ADAPT (1190)
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Office of Attorney General Mike Fisher Attorney General 15th floor, Strawberry Sq. Harrisburg, PA 17120 Fax: (717) 772-4526 Phone: (717) 787-1100 January 29, 1999 Stephanie A. Daniel Assistant Attorney General Attorney General's Office The Capitol Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1050 Via mall and fax Re: Olmstead v. L.C., No, 98-536 Dear Ms. Daniel: The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania does not wish to join the brief on the merits which Florida has prepared in the above case. Sincerely, [signed] Louis J. Rovelli [typed] Louis J. Rovelli Executive Deputy Attorney General Director, Civil Law Division Litigation Section JGK/hs - ADAPT (1192)
This page continues the article from Image 1193. Full text available on 1193 for easier reading. - ADAPT (1193)
[Headline] Pivotal Rulings Ahead for Law On Disabilities [Subheading] Supreme Court to Begin to Chart Protections By LINDA GREENHOUSE WASHINGTON, April 18 — Beginning on Wednesday with a case that some lawyers have labeled the Brown v. Board of Education of the disability rights movement, the Supreme Court is embarking on an unusually extensive review of a single Federal statute, the Americans With Disabilities Act. The Justices' decision to hear four disability act cases over a two-week period reflects the fact that the full dimensions of this far-reaching civil rights law remain uncharted even after nearly 10 years on the books. The law has become broadly familiar for removing physical barriers in public places and for opening the workplace to people with disabilities. Indeed, three of the cases do involve employment disputes, presenting the surprisingly unsettled is-sue of whether a physical problem that is kept in check through medication or compensated for by some-thing as simple as corrective lenses qualifies under the law, as a disability. The case scheduled for Wednesday, the first of the four, is different. There is no easy remedy at hand for the problems facing the plaintiffs, two Georgia women whose disabilities include mental retardation, mental illness and brain damage. In su-ing the state the two women, Lois Curtis and Elaine Wilson, sought not employment but a life outside the Georgia Regional Hospital in Atlanta, a large state institution. Both women spent many months in the hospital waiting for placement in a homelike environment that their doctors said would be medically and socially appropriate but for which there were long waiting lists. The question in the case, Olmstead v. Ldi.C., No. 98-536, is whether the Americans With Disabilities Act re-quires a state to offer such a setting, for example, a small, supervised group home, for people for whom such a setting is appropriate. The Federal appeals court in Atlanta ruled last.year that it does. In the four months since the Justices agreed to hear Georgia's appeal, the case has galvanized disability rights' advocates. It pits Georgia and a group of other states against the Clinton Administration, which is defending a regulation issued in the earliest days of the law, in the Administration of President George Bush, that endorses the principle of "integration" of people with disabilities into the wider population, to the greatest extent possible, in the provision of public services. At issue is Title II of the law, which applies to public services offered by state and local governments. It pro-vides that "no qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in" or "be subjected to discrimination" by a Government program or service. A 1991 regulation, issued by the Attorney General under a Congressional directive "to issue regulations setting forth the forms of discrimination prohibited," provides that services or programs shall be offered "in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs" of people with dis-abilities. The regulation came to be known as the "integration mandate." In its decision in the Georgia case last year, the United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit declared, "By definition where, as here, the state confines an individual with a disability in an institutionalized set-ting when a community placement is appropriate, the state has violated the core principle underlying the Americans With Disabilities Act's integration mandate." State budgetary restrictions were not a defense, the appeals court said, unless the cost of compliance was "so unreasonable given the demands of the state's mental health budget that it would fundamentally alter the service it provides." In ruling against the state, the 11th Circuit agreed with the one other Federal appeals court to have ad-dressed the question, in a case from Philadelphia that the Supreme Court declined to review four years ago. It is unusual for the Court to agree to hear a case on the meaning of a Federal law in the absence of conflicting opinions among the lower Federal courts. So disability rights' advocates were alarmed when the Court accepted Georgia's appeal, interpreting the action as a signal that the Justices were moved by the strong states' rights tone of Georgia's petition for review and were leaning toward overturning the appeals court's decision. Groups such as Adapt, a nation-wide organization of people with dis-abilities, lobbied and demonstrated in many of the 22 states that had formed a coalition in support of Georgia's appeal by signing a brief as friends of the Court. Four states later joined the coalition. But as a result of Adapt's lobbying efforts, more than half the states had dropped out of the coalition by the time Georgia filed its final brief, a highly unusual turn of events. Typical was a public statement by Michigan's Solicitor General, Thomas L. Casey, who said that after taking a "fresh look" at the case, his state had concluded that "Georgia's arguments are not consistent with the state of Michigan's position as a leader in community-based mental health care." Even after signing the final ver-sion of the multistate brief in support of Georgia's position, some states continued to have second thoughts, and several disavowed their position. Massachusetts Officials, for example [text breaks for a quote] [pulled quote] The Justices' decisions will help chart a wide-reaching act [text continues] said the state's signature on the brief "has been wrongly interpreted as a retreat by the Commonwealth from its long-standing support of dis-ability rights in general and deinstitutionalization in particular." The states now in Georgia's camp are Indiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, Hawaii, South Carolina, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, Washington, Tex-as and Colorado. Along with Massachusetts, Minnesota and Louisiana withdrew their support after signing the final brief. In addition to Michigan, the states that initially supported Georgia but declined to sign the final brief were Alabama, California, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah and West Virginia. At the same time, 58 former state commissions and directors of mental health from 36 states, including New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, filed a brief in their own names, supporting homelike care as more appropriate and effective and asking the Court not to accept Georgia's "alarmist claims" about the impact of the 11th Circuit's ruling. Georgia's basic argument, made in its brief to the court, is that the appeals court misapplied the integration regulation, which itself exceeds the scope of the statute. In enacting the Americans With Disabilities Act, the brief asserts, Congress did not make "a national value judgment that the 'least restrictive treatment' must be provided to psychiatric patients, to say nothing of imposing on the states the massive and indeterminate fiscal burdens that would follow such a decision." Simply "requiring a person to wait her turn for a community placement" is evidence of fiscal constraint but not of discrimination, the state says. Emphatic as the state is in making its argument, the other side speaks fervently of the case as the ultimate test of the statute's meaning and identity as a civil rights jaw, "the Brown v. Board of Education for disability rights," in the words of Stephen F. Gold, a lawyer represent-ing Adapt and other disability groups. In an interview, Mr. Gold, of the Public Interest Law Center of Philadelphia, said people with disabilities had long faced segregation reminiscent of the segregation , based on race. "If the Americans with Disabilities Act did not mean to end unnecessary segregation, then all the work we did in promulgating it as a civil rights statute is a sham," he said. "We're just trying to get people out of institutions who don't have to be there." The two plaintiffs, having won their lawsuit have been living successfully in the community, Ms. Curtis in a three-person group home and Ms. Wilson in an apartment of her own with supportive services. Both are planning to attend the Supreme Court argument. Before the month ends, the Court will hear the three other disability act cases, which all raise the question of how to define the disabilities that bring a person within the law's protection. The plaintiff in Murphy v. United Parcel Service, No. 9674992, to be argued on April 27, is a truck driver whose high blood pressure is controlled with medication. He sued under the disability law after his employer dismissed him, and is now appealing a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, in Denver. The court, view-ing his condition in its medicated state, concluded that he was not a person with a disability and was not entitled to sue. On April 28, the Court will hear Sutton v. United Air Lines, No. 97-1943, a similar case in which twin sisters, both nearsighted but with vision correctable to 20/20, were denied jobs as pilots because they did not meet the airline's requirement for uncorrected vision. The same appeals court in Denver held that they had no basis for a lawsuit because their correctable vision was not a disability. In both cases, the question is whether a disability should have to be assessed in its "mitigated" or uncorrected state. The final case, Albertsons v. Kirkengburg, No. 98-591, also scheduled for April 28, presents the somewhat different situation of a truck driver who sees out of only one eye but whose brain has compensated for the deficiency. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, concluding that he sees adequately but in a "different manner" from most other people found him to be disabled and therefore entitled to sue the employer that dismissed him. The employer is appealing. - ADAPT (1194)
26A Denver Rocky Mountain News World & Nation Insidedenver.com/keyword: AP News Desk — (303). 892-2728 e-mail newsdesk@denver-rmn.com [Headline] Court rules in favor of disabled [Subheading] Supreme Court says group homes appropriate for some hospitalized mental patients By Linda Greenhouse The New York Times WASHINGTON Isolating people with dis-abilities in big state institutions when there is no medical reason for their confinement is a form of discrimination that violates federal dis-abilities law, the Supreme Court ruled Tuesday. The 6-3 decision, in a case brought against the state of Georgia by two women with mental impairment, was a substantial victory for a disabilities rights movement. That movement has looked to the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 as a tool for breaking down institutional walls that separate people with serious mental and physical problems from the larger community. The ruling affirmed, in most respects, a decision last year by the federal appeals court m Atlanta, which held that states have a duty under the 1990 law to provide care in group homes when medically appropriate. In 1994 the federal appeals court in Philadelphia, in the only other appellate decision on [separate article begins] IN COLORADO Activists for the disabled in Colorado said Tuesday's Supreme Court decision is a major victory. "It's a critical step to show the state that people have the right to choose where and how they receive services and that segregated services will not be tolerated," said Joe Ehman, organizer with ADAPT, which works on issues for the disabled. "It says to (Gov. Bill) Owens that people have a right to choose where they live, and it's not the state's job to do that." Colorado was one of seven states that supported a Georgia law that kept two women in mental hospitals long after Georgia's department of human services recommended they be transferred to the community. Mike McLachlan, solicitor general with the Colorado Attorney General's office, said he had not seen the decision. However, he said he believes that the ruling will have little impact on Colorado. "Colorado already by law encourages community settings instead of institutions," he said. "The question is the speed by which the people who are in institutions must be integrated into the community." It was not known Tuesday how many people in Colorado would be affected. — Tillie Fong, News Staff Writer [this article ends] [originally article resumes] the subject, reached the same result. The Supreme Court's decision six months ago to hear Georgia's' appeal in this case alarmed advocates for people with disabilities, who feared that the court might steer the law in the opposite direction and reverse the nationwide trend toward deinstitutionalization. An unusually vigorous grass-roots campaign sprang up around the case, leading 15 of the 22 states that had originally supported Georgia to disavow the state's position in the Supreme Court. The case involved a 1995 lawsuit filed on behalf of Lois Curtis and Elaine Wilson, both of them mentally retarded and mentally ill, who sought state care outside the Georgia Regional Hospital, where they had lived, off and on, for years. Both remained in the hospital for sever-al years after state doctors had concluded that they could be more appropriately cared for in small group homes. In some respects, the decision Tuesday was the court's first, rather than last, word on the subject, and it may require more cases to clarify the full dimensions of the ruling. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's majority opinion held that states' obligation to care for people in small, neighborhood-based settings was limited to some degree by available resources. States are not required to close their big hospitals — which, the court stressed, may still be appropriate for some people — or to create group home programs that they do not now have. In fact, though, every state now has such a program. The decision interpreted a regulation that requires states to make "reasonable modifications" in their programs to avoid discriminating against people with disabilities, while at the same time providing that states heed not make "fundamental" alterations. - ADAPT (1195)
Post-Tribune Sunday, May 9, 1999 A5 REGION [Headline] Disabled travel to capitol, will lobby for legislation [Subheading] Local ADAPT members say the proposed legislation would give people with disabilities more options, BY DAVIE ANN BROWDER Staff Writer Facing down big government agencies never is easy. After all, the scenario pits individuals against the power and money of the United States. It's easy to get squashed like a bug. Nevertheless, local members a ADAPT, a national grass-roots disability rights organization, along with hundreds of others from throughout this country, are in Washington, D.C.. today fighting for passage of legislation. The Community Attendant Services Act (CASA) would allow federal money, such as Medicare and Medicaid, to follow the individual instead of the institution providing care. Luis Roman of Hammond has been to other rallies in Washington, and he's been asked to speak to newcomers today to tell them what to expect over the next week in the capitol. Beside the beat. the waiting, the animosity of some bystanders. there's always the chance of at Roman said. But its worth it, he said. Roman, who has been blind for 11 years, stated the case for the bill succinctly. "It's about choice," he said. "A person who is able to, should he allowed to stay home and not be forced into a nursing home. "That person who can stay at home is happier, they live longer. and it's cheaper for the taxpayer." Right now, people with disabilities have three choices, he said. They can go to a nursing home, be classified as homebound where loss of all government support results if one leaves the house, or rely on family for total care without government help. "Really, everybody has a vested interest in the bill," he said. "If you're planning on getting old, or you may become disabled through an accident or illness, don't you want to have options." Jana Longfellow also is attending the rally, her first. Longleflow is deaf, but can read lips. "I'm going to learn how to fight for people's rights," she said. And indeed, much of her five days in D.C. will be spent on the streets and in public buildings, lobbying elected officials and governmental agencies. As a quadriplegic, Terry McCarty of Lowell usually can rely on her companion dog, Frija, a German shepherd. But McCarty is leaving Frija at home with friends and making the trip alone. McCarty successfully waged a battle to leave a nursing home and live on her own about seven years ago, so the CASA bill is close to her heart. "It was kind of scary living alone at first," she said, noting that when she left the nursing home she didn't have anyone to stay through the night with her. Greg Mitro of Hobart, also an ADAPT member, took the time to label each part of his wheelchair before the trip. The reason was because once Mitro boards the plane, his wheelchair is disassembled and shipped with him. Often, he said, people with disabilities are overwhelmed with the difficulties involved in taking a trip such as this. Obstacles include ending transportation to the airport, getting loaded onto the plane by inexperienced flight attendants, getting around in a strange city, staying in a hotel, and then taking to the streets for a public protest. The threat of arrest looms. ADAPT members block access to the building, they're likely to be jailed. Mitro tells people not to let the prospects keep them imprisoned at home. "That's such a great feeling empowerment," he said. "You fee like, 'wow, l'm not alone in all this." "It's such a sense of community that develops among everybody a then everybody watches out each other. [image] [image caption] Greg Mitro of Hobart prepares Thursday for his trip to Washington, D,C., to lobby for passage of the Community Attendant Services Act. Leslie Adkins/Post-Tribune - ADAPT (1196)
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT THE DEPUTY SECRETARY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20410-0050 May 11, 1999 A D.A.P.T. 201 South Cherokee Street Denver, CO 80223 Dear A.D.A.P.T Members: As per our discussion this afternoon (May 11, 1999), I will arrange a meeting with the Secretary sometime during the week of June 6, 1999, to address your concerns. These concerns include the five items you handed out today (see attached). In that meeting, we will provide you with a timeline on implementation of the items labeled three and four on your list. Regarding the 232 program we will provide you with the information you requested as to what regulatory discretion HUD may have in its implementation of that program, as well as a deeper discussion on how we can work together to address the concerns you have shared with me. I will ask that representatives of all the program areas attend this meeting so that your other issues may also be addressed, including those regarding fair housing enforcement and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Today, Thea Spires will provide you with copies of a letter HUD has already sent out to our grantees regarding Section 504. Sincerely, [signed] Saul N. Ramirez, Jr. [typed] Saul N. Ramirez, Jr. - ADAPT (1197)
This page continues the article from Image 1199. Full text available on 1199 for easier reading. - ADAPT (1198)
This page continues the article from Image 1199. Full text available on 1199 for easier reading. - ADAPT (1199)
The History of ADAPT By Homer Page A few years ago, Mike Auberger and his colleagues at ADAPT were frustrated because they could not buy a hamburger at McDonald's. They took action. McDonald's settled. Now you see people with disabilities in McDonald's TV ads. This victory over a major corporation helped define the power of the disability rights movement and the strength of the leadership of Mike Auberger. ADAPT is a unique organization. Mr. Auberger is its national organiz-er. This is the new title that the orga-nization has chosen for its leader. However, our hierarchical language which uses terms such as leader, director, president, has a hard time expressing exactly what ADAPT means by the title, "national organizer." Over the last two decades, ADAPT has been at the forefront of the disability rights movement. Its activism has frustrated and out-raged those who have been its tar-gets. It has galvanized its powerless membership into an effective army for social change. It has an impres-sive list of victories, even though those who have opposed ADAPT will tell you the organization's "radi-cal" tactics had no influence on their decisions to find accommodations with the ADAPT demands. Disability Life Magazine sat down with Mike Auberger to find out more about the man and the organization that he co-founded in 1983 and now "leads." DL: Mike, tell us about your background. MA: My father was in the military, so I grew LLD an army brat. We lived in Europe and all over the U.S My father was a very outspoken man and a radical Republican. After he left the military in the late 1960s, we lived in Ohio where he led a property tax revolt. I was born in 1955, so I grew up during the Civil Rights Movement and the anti-war protests. When I look back at my father's influence on me and at what was going on in those years while I was growing up, I can see how it all came together. I grew up believing that all people should be treated fairly, with respect and dignity, and that everyone should be treated equally. DL: What is the nature of your disability? MA: I received a spinal cord injury when I was 17 years old. I was riding a luge at Lake Placid, New York Back then, no one had heard of a luge, so I just had to shy it was a bobsled. Now the luge is very glamorous. DL: You were just a teenager and you were quadriplegic. What did you do to make a life for yourself? MA: I had my father's sense of equality and willingness to fight. That helped a lot. I went to Xavier College in Cincinnati and got a degree in accounting. After college I went to work for the IRS I worked five years for the government but I could see that I was going nowhere with them. DL: What brought you to Colorado? MA: While I worked for the IRS during the late 1970s and early 1980s, I did some camping in the Colorado mountains. I came to Craig Hospital in Englewood, Colorado, for some rehabilitation work and to get my life together. I decided to stay in Colorado. I left IRS and started making plans to leave Craig. I needed to find an agency that could provide an attendant service, so one of the Craig nurses brought me a list. She mentioned Atlantis, but told me that I wouldn't want to use them because they were a radical group. That was all I needed. A radical group was just what I wanted. DL: How did ADAPT get started? MA: Wade Blank was a very charismatic person. His roots went back to the Civil Rights Movement and the anti-war protests. Wade came to Colorado in the 1970s and began to work with persons with disabilities in nursing homes. Soon he and a few disabled persons formed the Atlantis community. They quickly understood that it was not enough to just free persons from institutions, they had to be able to get out there in the community if they were to really be free. So they started taking on other issues. One of the first was accessible public transportation. ADAPT originally formed around the struggle to put lifts on buses. ADAPT stood for "Action To Develop Accessible Public Transit," but now we have dropped the acronym. We are not issue specific. We believe that society must adapt. DL: What is the thinking behind ADAPT's philosophy of organization and leadership? MA: We thought a lot about these issues when we were getting started. We took note of the way in which the Civil Rights Movement had depended on a charismatic leader to hold it together, and then after the death of Dr. King, it had fragmented. We wanted to avoid some of those pitfalls. We wanted to build our organization around the people, not the leadership. ADAPT is not incorporated. We have no budget, nor paid staff. We have no board of directors. We fund our activities through small fundraising activities and contributions, usually in kind from groups sympathetic to our cause. ADAPT has chapters in 44 cities. Each chapter selects representatives who participate in planning meetings and conference calls to set ADAPT policies and actions. Our philosophy of leadership is very important to us. We believe that a leader must lead by example. I must be willing to get arrested if I expect others to take that risk. People with disabilities do not have a strong sense of power. They can be intimidated. A leader must show others how to remain strong in stressful situations, but the leader must not think that he or she is different from others. In society's eyes, no matter your titles or accomplishments, you are still "just a disabled person." A leader must not forget that. You must maintain a strong identity with the person with whom you act. We do not have high-flown titles and positions because we know that our strength is in our unity. We have over 4,000 members. We can bring several hundred persons to an action. For special events we can assemble as many as 1,500 persons. Our strength is in our self-discipline, our unity of purpose, and our numbers. DL: ADAPT has great unity with hardly any organizational structure. How do you maintain such a high level of solidarity? MA: Everyone is respected. If someone speaks slowly or is difficult to understand, we are patient until we do understand. We avoid faction by minimizing leadership roles. We have one priority at a time, so we are not fragmented. Our actions give us focus and a common sense of purpose. We are building a common culture and a common political perspective. We really do care about one another. We load up vans and drive across the country to take part in an action. People are crowded in like sardines. We can't afford for anyone to fly, but in these trips, we get to know one another. We talk about what the action is really all about, and we build our commitment to one another. DL: What do you feel have been ADAPT's major accomplishments and what is your current agenda? MA: As I have said, we began with public transportation. We fought that battle city by city, but in the end, the passage of the ADA insures that in time all public transportation will be accessible. We were frustrated that in many locations we could not buy a hamburger at McDonald's so we negotiated a settlement with them. They agreed to include persons with disabilities in their advertising. The McDonald's corporation also agreed to develop an employment program. They have worked with their franchise owners to create accessible locations, but I am not entirely satisfied with the way that has worked out. After our victory in the public transit area, we moved to attacking the need for high quality community based services. ADAPT is working at the state level, but our top priority is the passage of federal legislation that will create the framework for a national commitment to community based services for all who desire them. Our legislation, "Mis Casas, will create the guarantees that we need. We want to emphasize the home-based location of the services. Late last year, the Supreme Court agreed to hear the Olmstead case. As everyone knows, Olmstead involved two developmentally disabled women who sued the state of Georgia because they wanted to be served in a community setting. ADAPT was deeply involved with the Olmstead case. The Supreme Court decision is a very important victory for ADAPT arid for the disability community. Olmstead has affirmed the right of persons with disabilities to live independently. "Mis Casas" can provide the resources that will make our rights become realities. When we win the battle for attendant services, we will move on to another issue. Perhaps it will be workshops and employment. DL: You have accomplished a great deal in your life. What kind of legacy would you like to leave? MA: I am still too young to think about leaving a legacy. But maybe I would hope for something like this. My wife and I have a 26- year-old daughter and we are working on adopting a 5-year-old. I want to be a good husband and parent. That is an important legacy. I am a co-founder of ADAPT. I am sure that is the most important thing I have done in my public life. If I can be a part of creating and developing an organization through which persons with disabilities can gain power and freedom, I will feel my life has been worthwhile. DL: In addition to your work with ADAPT you are the co-director of Atlantis. How does your work with ADAPT fit in with your work with Atlantis? MA: I think of them as two sides of one coin. ADAPT is the soul of Atlantis. Through ADAPT, Atlantis remembers what it is. Atlantis is a service provider. We have approximately 70 employees. Our budget last year was three million dollars. We provided over 40,000 attendant visits. We operate an equipment repair program, assist persons to work with government programs, and we do advocacy. We have helped persons with disabilities to secure over 80 million dollars in home financing so persons with disabilities can own their own homes. But in all this activity, it is our involvement with ADAPT that keeps us focused. We must remain humble and dedicated. We must not forget that life is about empowerment for everyone, not glory for a few. DL: What are the most important needs for persons with disabilities? MA: First we must continue to work to empower ourselves both individually and collectively. Second, we need to secure those services that will allow us to live independently, where and as we choose. Finally, we must continue to build a disability community that is nurturing and affirmative, patient and caring, and culturally rich. We must have the power, the resources, and the cultural strength that it takes to build lives of pride, dignity and freedom. 15