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இல்லம் / ஆல்பங்கள் / குறிச்சொற்கள் DOT - Dept of Transportation
+ ADAPT - American Disabled for Accessible Public Transit 3
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The Handicapped Coloradan October issue/Vol. 11, No. 4 PHOTO: A waist up shot of Mike Auberger in a sweater in his wheelchair with his chest strap. His face has it's customary stern look. Caption reads: Mike Auberger. Title: APTA still says no to lifts Wheelchair activists cross into Canada Wheelchair militants chased their arch enemy over the border into Canada in October, but unfortunately for advocates of accessible transit systems, the American Public Transit Association (APTA) not only came back but found time in between dodging wheelchair barricades and attending panel discussions to veto mandatory lifts on buses. APTA's board of directors voted unanimously at their national convention in Montreal to reaffirm its policy of local option while continuing to study proposals made by its Elderly and Disabled Services Task Force. APTA has been fighting mandatory lifts since the Carter administrations' Department of Transportation (DOT) first ordered transit companies to install lifts in 1979. APTA lost in U.S. District Court in 1980 but won in 1981 when the U.S. Court of Appeals ruIed that the DOT regulations were not required by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. In 1983 wheelchair activists in Denver formed the American Disabled for Accessible Public Transit (ADAPT) and picketed APTA's national convention being held in Denver. ADAPT chapters rapidly sprang up in other cities, and APTA delegates soon grew used to having their annual conventions and regional meetings disrupted by hundreds of demonstrators in wheelchairs. This year's meeting in Montreal was no different. As usual, local police threw up barricades in front of the conventioneers' hotels, and as usual, wheelchair demonstrators hurled their chairs and bodies at police lines. And, as usual, they were arrested. "City police crush wheelchair protest," headlined the Montreal Daily News, next to a picture of police removing demonstrators from their chairs and passing them over the barricades. Protester Lori Taylor said the police had no right to take her husband's chair away from him. "They separated him from his legs," she said. "He can't walk, he's just sitting on the wet ground and all he wants to do is ride a bus like you and me." Police maintained that they had a right to remove Lester Taylor any way they could after he deliberately crashed his way through a metal barrier in front of the Queen Elizabeth Hotel. Taylor was taken into custody, along with 24 other demonstrators. Many of those arrested were from Colorado, including Mike Auberger, who chained his wheelchair to a handrail in the hotel lobby. Also among those "arrested" was a seven-year-old-girl from Scottsdale, Ariz. Jennifer Keelan, who has cerebral palsy, was taken into custody along with her mother Cynthia. Both mother and daughter were released later that day without charges being filed against them so that they would not be separated overnight. Cynthia Keelan said the police lifted Jennifer and her chair onto a police van using the kind of lift she and Jennifer would like to see put on every bus. She said she was very proud of her "very, very brave little girl," although a police spokesperson was quick to point out that it was the mother, not the daughter, who was actually being arrested. Most of those arrested were U.S. citizens, although a few Canadians did join the pickets. Maria Barila, a Montreal resident who was arrested, said potential Canadian demonstrators had been warned by one government agency that they could lose their welfare checks if they were arrested. Montreal police had received reports from the six U.S. cities in which ADAPT had previously picketed APTA conventions and had prepared accordingly, down to issuing officers kneepads in case wheelchair militants attempted to run their chairs into police. Perhaps in an effort to cut down on ... Continued on p.2 [Unfortunately we don't currently have the second part of this article. If you have it and can send a picture we would be very grateful. ] Second article: RTD firm in commitment to accessibility RTD has been named one of the nation's most accessible public transit systems by the American Disabled for Accessible public Transit (ADAPT), and it continues to show every sign of improving that system. On Nov. 1, RTD became one of the first transit systems in the country to offer accessible public transportation on intercity routes when 35 lift-equipped buses began rolling between Boulder and Denver. The Neoplan buses replace Yellow Cab service. Critics of lifts on intercity buses argued that they were too costly and took up to much space on already crowded buses, but when Neoplan submitted its bid to RTD, the cost was so low that the transit agency was able to buy additional buses. RTD says its new regional service shouldn't cause any delays, since its buses are already operating at a 95 per cent on-time rate. The lift-equipped buses operate between Boulder, Broomfield Park-n-Ride, Market Street Station, Stapleton Airport. and Longmont. Regular fares on the Regional AFB arc: Boulder to Broomfield, $1.25; Broomfield Park-n-Ride to Denver, $1.25; Boulder-Denver-Stapleton, $2.00. The fare for disabled individuals traveling during off-peak hours (9 a.m. to 4 p.m.) is 104. Regular monthly passes are $68; disabled riders pay $44 with their RTD Handicapped I.D. card. Ten-ride coupons are also available for this service at a cost of $18. For additional information regarding the new accessible regional service or for trip planning needs, call 777-3343 until 10 p.m. RTD also announced a get-tough policy on non-function lifts on buses being operated by private contractors. Some buses on accessible routes are now operated by private companies, even though the drivers still wear RTD uniforms and the buses carry the RTD logo. Every time one of those buses gets stopped and its lift isn't working, RTD will automatically levy a $100 fine against the private transit provider. Inset sidebar: Accessible systems 10 BEST • New York City Transit Authority (bus only) • Washington (D.C.) Metro Area Transit Authority (Metrorail) • Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle • San Francisco Municipal Railway • Alameda-Contra Costa County Transit District (Oakland, Calif.) • Regional Transportation District (Denver, Colo.) • Transit District (Eugene, Ore.) • Santa Clara County Transit District (San Jose, Calif.) • Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation (Portland, Ore.) • Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority (Suburban Detroit) HONORABLE MENTION • Niagara Frontier Transit (light rail system only) (Buffalo, NY) • Golden Gate Bridge Highway & Transit District (San Rafael, Calif.) • Miami Valley Regional Transit Authority (Dayton, Ohio) • Sacramento Regional Transit District (Sacramento, Calif.) • Cambria County Transit Authority (Johnstown, PA) 10 WORST • Chicago Transit Authority • Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority (Philadelphia) • Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (Boston) • Metropolitan Transit Commission (Minneapolis, Minn.) • Metro Transit Authority of Harris County (Houston, Tex.) • Detroit Department of Transportation • Port Authority of Allegheny County (Pittsburgh, PA) • Mass Transit Administration of Maryland (Baltimore) • Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority • Bi-State Development Agency (St. Louis, MO) DISHONORABLE MENTION • Washington (D.C.) Metro Area Transit Authority (Metrobus) • VIA Metropolitan Transit (San Antonio, Tex.) • City & County of Honolulu • Regional Transit Authority (New Orleans) • Queen City Metro (Cincinnati, Ohio)
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THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER Wednesday, May 21, 1986 [This article continues in ADAPT 245, but the entire text is included here for easier reading.] [Headline] Handicapped bus protests to continue [Subheading] Judge offers three protesters choice of jail or leaving city BY DAVID WELLS and JAMES F. McCARTY The Cincinnati Enquirer and ENQUIRER WIRE SERVICES The issue of handicapped people and their accessibility to mass transit reached a peak Tuesday locally and nationally, sparking protests that were expected to go on today. In Cincinnati, a judge ordered three handicapped protesters who had been arrested to leave the city or go to jail. One of the men, a native Cincinnatian, chose to ignore the edict, and his bail of $3,000 was revoked late Tuesday. In Washington, D.C., the Department of Transportation issued long-awaited criteria for making the nation's public transportation systems more accessible to 20 million handicapped people. Neither decision was well received by the handicapped community. The Rev. Wade Blank of ADAPT (American Disabled for Accessible Public Transportation) said late Tuesday that a dozen or more of its members were planning an act of civil disobedience in Cincinnati today that he expected would get them all arrested. “We decided that to leave Cincinnati under the present atmosphere of basic human rights violations, would be to ignore our moral obligations," Blank said. George Cooper, who was arrested Monday said, “I thought my hometown of Dallas was conservative, but Cincinnati is more conservative." Cooper arrested Monday with two other members of ADAPT on charges of disorderly conduct during a demonstration at Government Square. Hamilton County Municipal Judge David Albanese imposed the sentence on the the ADAPT protesters. Late Tuesday, police spotted ADAPT member Mike Auburger, a former Cincinnatian who lives in Denver, driving a car through the -- city—an apparent violation of Albanese's order to leave the city. Cooper and Robert Kafka, Austin, Texas, were arrested after they crawled up the steps of a Queen City Metro bus, paid their fares and demanded the right to ride. Auburger was arrested when he tried to grab a wheel of the same bus as it pulled away from the stop. Metro's Assistant General Manager Murray Bond said disabled persons were not permitted on regular coaches because the company does not think it is safe. Metro provides wheelchair lifts on Special Access buses. but Bond said the cost of installing wheelchair lifts on regular buses would be prohibitive. Defense attorney Joanie Wilkens said after Tuesday’s hearing that she considered Albanese's order unusual but that ADAPT did not have the time or resources to fight it in court. ADAPT members were in Cincinnati to protest policies of Queen City Metro and the American Public Transit Association, which is having a convention at the Westin Hotel. In Washington, DOT's issuance of a final regulation requiring transit systems to provide reasonable alternative transportation for the handicapped contained no surprises. Many transit systems have been moving for several years toward providing alternatives such as van service or a taxi voucher system for handicapped passengers. But ADAPT and other national disability rights groups, dismayed by the new rule, almost immediately filed federal lawsuits against DOT to block the move. Handicapped representatives said the new rule fell far short of carrying out the law. A federal court in 1981 ruled that a federal requirement that all transit systems be accessible to the handicapped was too much of a financial burden. It told the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to develop new requirements that would assure that the handicapped are provided service. Under the final rule announced Tuesday, a transit authority must establish some alternative services for the handicapped if the regular bus or rail service can not be made accessible. Other members of ADAPT continued to picket in their wheelchairs in front of the Westin Hotel on Tuesday. The group suspended a wheelchair from a wooden cross. It symbolizes how the disabled are being crucified," said Bill Bolte, who helped to hoist the chair. PHOTO -- The Cincinnati Enquirer/Fred Strau: Two protesters hang a wheelchair on a large wooden cross. One man in a cowboy hat and plaid shirt (Joe Carle) steadies the cross and the chair from below, while a second man (Jim Parker) stands and pulls the manual wheelchair higher. Behind them several other protesters (including Joanne ____) watch and stand by extensive police barricades in front of the APTA convention hotel. Caption reads: Joe Carle, left, and Jim Parker chain a wheelchair to a cross Tuesday outside the Westin Hotel. The two were among several members of the American Disabled for Accessible Public Transit demonstrating against City Metro and the American Public Transit Association which is meeting at the Westin.
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THE HANDICAPPED COLORADAN Vol. 8, No. 4, Boulder, Colorado, November 1985 [This article continues in ADAPT 115 but the story is included here in its entirety for easier reading.] PHOTO on center-right of the page and shows several people in wheelchairs (including Larry Ruiz looking away on left, as you face the bus, and George Florum on right in black ADAPT T-shirt holding a coffee and a cigarette) in front of a large bus. One person stands in front of the bus holding a scarecrow-like effigy of a person in one hand and something else in the other. A person in a white shirt is seated in the driver's seat. Another person similarly dressed is standing next to him. Above them behind the windshield is a destination type sign reading “EASY.” Caption: DEMONSTRATORS BLOCKED BUSES in Long Beach during the fourth day of the Los Angeles demonstration. One protestor (center) holds up an effigy representing the American Public Transit Association. Police arrived later and made several arrests. Demonstrators said the Long Beach police treated them properly. [Headline] Access showdown in L.A. Leads to massive arrests In a scene reminiscent of the black civil rights marches of the 1960s, some 215 people in wheelchairs rolled down Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles on Sunday, Oct. 7, to protest the lack of accessible mainline public transit in the United States. ' Chanting "We will ride!" and carrying inflammatory placards, the single-file column snaked its way 1.7 miles from the MacArthur Park staging area to the Bonaventure Hotel where the American Public Transit Association (APTA) was holding its national convention. Although the demonstrators had been denied a parade permit, police made no attempt to halt the march and routed traffic around the procession. However, the hands-off attitude disappeared once the column of wheelchair militants reached the hotel. As hotel security personnel blocked the only wheelchair-accessible elevator that gave access to the main lobby, several of the demonstrators pulled themselves from their wheelchairs and threw their bodies in front of the escalators, vowing to prevent anyone else from entering or leaving the hotel. The disabled demonstrators shouted "Access now! Access now!" while police deliberated their next move. Finally, after an hour, the police moved in. Eight demonstrators, including one woman, were arrested for “refusing to leave the scene of a riot," according to a police spokesperson. But they didn't go without a fight. George Florom of Colorado Springs thrashed about so hard that it took three officers to subdue him. One of the officers claimed that Florom kicked and bit him, During the scuffle, police said one of the demonstrators grabbed an officer's gun. Florom was removed to a specially equipped police van. He was soon joined by Edith Harris of Hartford, Conn, a veteran of other APTA demonstrations, who had been arrested during the San Antonio APTA protest. Harris had tried several times during the day to get the police to arrest her, even to the point of throwing shredded ADAPT literature in the street and demanding that police arrest her. Police merely removed her motorized chair from the street and picked up the paper, But when Harris threw herself on an escalator, the police moved in and escorted her to a waiting police van. Police and demonstrators differed as to how well the department handled the arrests. "We look bad no matter what we do," Sgt. Bill Tiffany said. A police spokesperson said the department had medical personnel on hand and tried to provide for the special needs of those arrested. That wasn't the case, according to Wade Blank of Denver, one of the founders of the American Disabled for Accessible Public Transit (ADAPT), which helped organize the Los Angeles demonstration as it has similar protests in Denver (1983), Washington, D.C. (1984), and San Antonio, Texas (1985). "The police were real nice until we got to the Bonaventure," Blank said. “But it was a real bad situation at the hotel. The cops turned into real pigs. They wouldn't let us use the hotel restroom. Some of them laughed at a lot of disabilities of the demonstrators, and a few of them pulled their clubs and threatened us with them." Blank said he learned that the officers who pulled their clubs were later given reprimands. Lou Nau, chairman of the Disability Rights Committee of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), was also critical of how the police handled the arrests. Nau said that Mike Auberger, a quadriplegic community organizer for the Atlantis Community in Denver, was not allowed to use a bathroom for eight hours, causing hyperreflexia, while others who were arrested were not allowed to take necessary medications although they repeatedly explained the danger this might cause. Four men were handcuffed behind their backs and then left for up to five hours in their chairs in police vans, according to Nau. Of the eight arrested, Harris was released that same night and five of the men by the following afternoon. The other two men were not released until Tuesday morning. Some 53 disabled protestors maintained a night-long vigil outside the county jail. The police later issued this statement: “It must be stressed that the Los Angeles Police Department has repeatedly tried to meet with demonstration leaders in the attempt to provide legal alternatives to accomplish their objectives and avoid the distasteful necessity of arresting handicapped citizens." To that end, Jack Day, a board member of the Southern California Rapid Transit District (RTD flew to Denver earlier in the year to [print completely faded] in an attempt to talk the organization out of civil disobedience. Blank was one of those who met with Day. "We told him we wouldn't use civil disobedience if the (Southern California RTD) agreed to introduce and support a resolution at the APTA convention calling upon APTA to reverse its stand and back mandatory wheelchair lifts on buses," he said. Day said that was not possible. Meanwhile back in Los Angeles Day's other board members continued to discuss ways and means of handling the demonstrators. Ironically, Los Angeles — the city where demonstrators chose to make their point - is one of the most accessible in the country. California and Michigan are the only states that require all new public transit vehicles to be equipped with lifts. Usha Viswanathan, a spokesperson for the Southern California RTD, said that 1,891 of the district‘s 2,445 active buses were equipped with lifts and another 200 were being retrofitted. The lifts cost between $15,000 and $20,000 each. Within the next five years, the district intends to operate only lift-equipped buses, making it the first 100 percent accessible system in the country. In other parts of the country it's Up to the local transit provider to decide whether or not to offer accessible service. And that's the way it should bee, according Albert Engelken, APTA's deputy executive director. Geographical and climatic conditions have to be taken into consideration because lifts are difficult to operate in snow and on curved roads, Engelken said. In the late 1970s, the Carter administration's Department of Transportation mandated that all new buses be outfitted with wheelchair lifts. APTA, which acts as a lobbying and policy-making group for some 300 separate transit districts across the country, filed a lawsuit that eventually reversed that decision. Since then disabled groups have dogged APTA wherever it meets, insisting that the organization vote on a resolution calling for mandatory accessibility. That‘s why the demonstrators were in Southern California, Jim Parker of El Paso explained. Parker said ADAPT was very appreciative of the steps California was taking toward complete accessibility.” "This is a model city," he said. The demonstrators were in Los Angeles to embarrass APTA, not the local transit district, he said. That didn't stop the demonstrators from stopping buses, however. On Wednesday, Oct. 10, wheelchair demonstrators poured onto the streets of Long Beach, where they held several buses hostage. Protestors said they would release the buses if Laurance Jackson, general manager and president of Long Beach Transit and the newly elected president of APTA, would meet with them. A spokesperson for Jackson said that would be impossible, as Jackson had other commitments at the convention and the protestors had come unannounced. Before the day was done, police issued 33 misdemeanor citations for failure to disperse and arrested l6 protestors, all of whom were later released on their own recognizance. Blank said that the Long Beach police acted appropriately under the circumstances. Long Beach had been the scene of another confrontation earlier that same week. On Monday, 26 wheelchair demonstrators staged a roll-in at the office of U.S Rep.Glen Anderson (D-Long Beach), who is chairman of the House Transportation Committee. Anderson, who had been expected in his office that day, had been detained in Washington due to a heavy work load. The congressman later issued a statement pointing out that he had consistently voted to support accessible systems. Anderson blamed the Reagan administration, not Congress, for overturning a "requirement that the handicapped be given full accessibility to public transit." Most of the demonstrators agreed with that assessment. Blank and Parker compared APTA to the Klu Klux Klan and called upon its individual members either to fire its executive board, including executive vice president Jack Gilstrap, a longtime foe of mandatory accessibility, or to pull out and form a new national transit organization. A Gilstrap aide said he had no intention of resigning. Blank said Gilstrap and the rest of the APTA membership could expect to see them again when the organization holds its next national convention in Detroit in 1986. ADAPT plans similar tactics, since Michigan, like California, has already opted for total accessibility. "It's a question of civil rights," Blank said." And it's a national issue. Wherever they go, you can expect to find us." 3 photos filling the top three-quarters of the page. Photo 1: A man (George Florum) in a manual wheelchair wearing a black no-steps ADAPT T-shirt is loaded onto a lift of some type of vehicle by three beefy police officers Caption: GEORGE FLOROM OF of Colorado Springs is arrested for blocking buses in Long Beach. Photo 2: A dark shot of a man in a white T-shirt (Chris Hronis) being pulled upward by several sets of hands. Caption: CHRIS HONIS [sic], a California ADAPT member, is arrested at the Bonaventure Hotel. Photo 3: a couple of small groups of protesters in wheelchairs and standing, are in front of one bus and beside another, while police stand nearby. Caption: ACTIVISTS hold a bus captive in Long Beach. To the left of photo 3 is an ADAPT "we will ride" logo with the wheelchair access guy and an equal sign in the big wheel.